Bitumen

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The Air Blowing Bitumen is produced by processing vacuum Bottom (VB) with air in a reactor tower continuously or as batch. And due to the control of the process conditions, different grades could be produced. The regular distillation process is discontinued at some point while the topped crude is still liquid. The heavy fraction is into a converter and air is blown through it while it is maintained at a high temperature. This process is continued until the bitumen has attained desired properties. Often, such bitumen is called Blown bitumen. However, this is not strictly a true term because not only oxidation but also vaporization, Dehydrogenation, condensation, polymerization and other reactions occur during the air blowing process.

Bitumen 85/100

Characteristics	Unit	Specification	Test Method
Penetration @ 25 °C	0.1 mm	85-100	ASTM D-5
Specific gravity @25 °C	gr/cm3	1.01-1.05	ASTM D-70
Softening Point	°C	42-52	ASTM D-36
Ductility @ 25 °C	Cm	100 Min	ASTM D-113
Loss on heating	% wt	0.5 Max	ASTM D-6
Drop in penetration after heating	%	20 Max	ASTM D-6 & D-5
Flash Point	°C	232 Min	ASTM D-92
Solubility in CS2	% wt	99.0 Min	ASTM D-4
Organic matter insoluble in CS2	% wt	0.2 Max	ASTM D-4
Viscosity @ 60 °C	p	1000±200	ASTM D-2171
Spot test	–	Negative	*A.A.S.H.O.T.102

Different bitumen penetration Grades

Characteristics	Unit	30/40	50/70	100/120	160/220	200/300	Test Method
Specific gravity @25 °C	gr/cm3	1.01-1.06	1.01-1.06	1.01-1.04	1.01-1.06	1.01±0.05	ASTM D-70
Penetration @ 25 °C	0.1 mm	30-40	50-70	100-120	160-220	200-300	ASTM D-5
Softening Point (R &B)	°C	55-63	46-54	42-49	35-43	34-41	ASTM D-36
Ductility @ 25 °C	Cm	100	100	100	100	100	ASTM D-113
Loss on heating, Max	% wt	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	1.3	ASTM D-6
Drop in Penetration after heating, Max	%	20	20	20	20	–	ASTM D-6 & D-5
Flash Point. Min	°C	250	230	250	220	177	ASTM D-92
Solubility in CS2	% wt	99.5	99	99.5	99	99	ASTM D-4
Spot test	–	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	*A.A.S.H.O.T.102

Oxidized bitumen

Characteristics	Unit	85/25	95/25	90/15	115/15	Test Method
Penetration @ 25 °C, 100 gm,5 Seconds	0.1 mm	20/30	20/30	10/20	10/20	ASTM D-5
Specific gravity @25 °C	gr/cm3	1.01-1.05	1.01-1.05	1.01-1.05	1.01-1.05	ASTM D-70
Softening Point (R & B)	°C	80/90	90/100	85/95	110/120	ASTM D-36
Loss on heating, Max	% wt	0.2	0.2	0.2 Max	0.2	0.2
Flash Point Cleveland open Cup, Min	°C	260	260	225	260	ASTM D-92

Performance Grades Bitumen (PG)

High Temperature performance	Low Temperature Performance
PG 46	-46, -40, -34
PG 52	-46, -40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10
PG 58	-40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10
PG 64	-40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10
PG 70	-40, -34, -28, -22, -16, -10
PG 76	-34, -28, -22, -16, -10
PG 82	-34, -28, -22, -16, -10

Viscosity Grades Bitumen (VG)

Characteristics	Unit	VG 40	VG 30	VG 20	VG 10	Test Method
Absolute Viscosity @ 60 °C, Poises	°C	Min.3200	Min.2400	Min.1600	Min.800	IS 1206 (Part 2)
Kinematic Viscosity @ 135 °C	cSt	Min.400	Min.350	Min.300	Min.250	IS 1206 (Part 3)
Softening Point (R&B)	°C	Min.50	Min.47	Min.45	Min.40	IS 1205
Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup).	°C	Min.220	Min.220	Min.220	Min.220	IS 1209
Solubility in trichloroethylene.	%	Min.99	Min.99	Min.99	Min.99	IS 1206
Penetration @ 25 °C (100 grams, 5 seconds)	0.1 mm	40-60	50-70	60-80	80-100	IS 1203
Test on residue from thin film oven tests/RTFOT
i) Viscosity ratio @ 60 °C	°C	Max. 4.0	Max. 4.0	Max. 4.0	Max. 4.0	IS 1206 (Part 2)
ii) Ductility @ 25 °C, (Thin film oven test).	Cm	Min.25	Min.40	Min.50	Min.75	IS 1208
Specification Gravity @ 27/27	°C	Min.0.99	Min.0.99	Min.0.99	Min.0.99	IS 1202
Conforms to BIS (IS 73:2006) Specifications

Faraz Oil Cut back Bitumen Grades Slow Curing (SC)

Characteristics	Unit	SC70		SC250		SC800		SC3000		Test Method
Characteristics		Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Test Method
Kinematic Viscosity @ 60 °C	CST	70	140	250	500	800	160 0	3000	6000	ASTM D-2170
Flash Point,	°C	66	–	79	–	93	–	107	–	ASTM D-92
Penetration @ 25 °C, 100 gm, 5 Second	CM	40	–	60	–	70	–	80	–	ASTM D-5
Distillate, volume percent of total distillate to 360 °C	°C	10	30	4	20	2	12	–	5	ASTM D-402
Ductility @ 25°C, Min	CM	100	–	100	–	100	–	100	–	ASTM D-113
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Min	%	99	–	99	–	99	–	99	–	ASTM D-2042
Water. Max	%VOL	–	0.5	–	0.5	–	0.5	–	0.5	ASTM D-95

Cut back Bitumen Grades Medium Curing (MC)

Characteristics	Unit											Test Method
		MC30		MC70		MC250		MC800		MC3000
		Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max
Kinematic Viscosity @ 60 °C	CST	30	60	70	140	250	500	800	1600	3000	6000	ASTM D- 2170
Flash Point, Min	°C	38	–	38	–	66	–	66	–	66	–	ASTM D-92
Penetration @ 25 °C, 100 gm, 5 Second	CM	120	250	120	250	120	250	120	250	120	250	ASTM D-5
Distillate test: Distillate, volume percent of total distillate to 360 °C												ASTM D-402
To 225 °C	°C	–	35	–	25	–	20	–	–	–	–
To 260 °C	°C	30	75	10	70	5	55	–	40	–	15
To 316 °C	°C	75	95	65	93	60	90	45	85	15	75
Residue from distillation to 360 °C, Min	%VOL	50	–	55	–	67	–	75	–	80	–	ASTM D-402
Ductility @ 25°C, Min	CM	100	–	100	–	100	–	100	–	100	–	ASTM D- 113
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Min	%	99.0	–	99.0	–	99.0	–	99.0	–	99.0	–	ASTM D-4
Water, Max	%VOL	–	0.2	–	0.2	–	0.2	–	0.2	–	0.2	ASTM D-95

Cut back Bitumen Grades Rapid Curing (RC)

Characteristics

Unit

Specification

Test Method

RC 30

RC70

RC250

RC800

RC3000

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Kinematic Viscosity @ 60 °C

CST

140

250

500

800

1600

3000

6000

ASTM D-2170

Flash Point,

°C

–

ASTM D-92

Penetration @ 25 °C, 100 gm, 5 Second

120

ASTM D-5

Residue from distillation to 360 °C, Min

ASTM D-402

To 225 °C

°C

–

To 260 °C

°C

–

To 316 °C

°C

–

Residue from distillation to 360 °C, Min

%VOL

–

ASTM D-402

Ductility @ 25°C, Min

100

–

100

–

100

–

100

–

100

–

ASTM D-113

Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Min

–

ASTM D-2042

Water, Max

%VOL

–

0.2

–

0.2

–

0.2

–

0.2

–

0.2

ASTM D-95

Cut back Bitumen Grades Rapid Curing (RC)

Faraz Oil Bitumen Emulsion

Specification of Cationic Bitumen Emulsions

Quick Setting

Rapid Setting

Medium SETTING

Slow Setting

CQS_1h

CRS_1

CRS_2

CMS_2

CMS_2h

CSS_1

CSS_1h

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Viscosity, Say bolt Furol @ 25°C SFs

100

–

100

Viscosity, Say bolt Furol @ 25°C SFs

–

100

400

450

–

Storage Stability test, 24-h, % A

–

Demulsibility, 35 mL, 0.8 % Dioctyl sodium

–

Particle charge test

Positive

Sieve test, % A

–

0.1

–

0.1

–

0.1

–

0.1

–

0.1

–

0.1

–

0.1

Cement Mixing test, %

–

N/A

–

Coating ability and water resistance:

Coating, dry aggregate

–

good

–

good

–

Coating, after spraying

–

fair

–

fair

–

Coating, wet aggregate

–

fair

–

fair

–

Coating, after spraying

–

fair

–

fair

–

Oil Distillate, by volume of emulsion, %

–

Residue %

–

Tests on residue from distillation test:

Penetration @ 25°C, 100 grams, 5 Second

100

250

100

250

100

250

100

250

Ductility, 25°C 5 Cm/Min, Cm

–

Solubility in trichloroethylene, %

97.5

–

97.5

–

97.5

–

97.5

–

97.5

–

97.5

–

97.5

–

Types of Air Blowing Bitumen

Penetration grade
Performance grade (PG)
Viscosity grade

Penetration Grade Bitumen

Penetration Grade Bitumen is a refined bitumen that is manufactured at different viscosities. It produced from fractional/vacuum distillation of crude oil (feed stock). The penetration test is carried out to characterize the bitumen, based on the hardness. Thus, this product is classified as the penetration grade. It is usually used as a Paving Grade Bitumen essential for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties, and it’s very important once it bounds the aggregates and creates a unique cohesion and stability to the bituminous mix. Penetration Grade Bitumen is specified by the penetration and softening point test. The designation is by penetration range only.

Oxidized Bitumen

Oxidized bitumen is categorized based on softening points and penetration rate. For example, oxidized bitumen 85/40 is a type of bitumen which softening point is 85±5 degree centigrade and its penetration is 40±5 dmm. This type of product is also expected to make up for weight loss under heat. And the softening point is much higher than in regular bitumen. Oxidized Bitumen is mainly used for industrial purposes such as roof insulation, pipe coating, paints, industrial mastics, etc.

Performance Grade Bitumen (PG)

Performance grade bitumen is based on binder specification with a new set of tests (SHRP). And its performance at different temperatures, in Super pave grading system, binders are classified according to their performance in extreme hot and cold temperatures and called as performance grade (PG) bitumen. The PG system uses a common set of tests to measure physical properties of the binder that can be directly related to field performance of the pavement at its service temperatures by engineering principles. PG grades nomenclature with two factors: traffic and pavement temperature. Application of PG grades Bitumen are in paving for both new construction and pavement rehabilitation and in both dense-graded and open graded Hot Mix Asphalt. And could also be used for sealing of edges of new to told paving and crack sealing. Other uses include spray applications for bridge deck and pavement protective membrane with fabrics.

Viscosity Grade Bitumen (VG)

The viscosity grade bitumen has been specified in terms of their penetration grade and behavior changes according to its temperature. The viscosity Grade bitumen is specified by ASTM Standard and based on absolute Viscosity at 60 ̊C(140°F) or Kinematic Viscosity at 135 ̊C. Viscosity thus defines the fluid property of the bituminous material. Viscosity is the general term for consistency, and it is a measure of resistance to flow. Many researchers believe that grading of bitumen should be by an absolute viscosity in instead of the conventional penetration units.

Application of Viscosity grade bitumen:

Viscosity Grade Bitumen is a standard grade Bitumen usually used as a Paving Grade Bitumen suitable for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties. This grade of Bitumen is mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses and possesses characteristics and qualities unique sand quite different from other agents.

Cutback Bitumen

This product is ‘cutback’ by adding controlled amounts of petroleum distillates such as kerosene. This is done to reduce the viscosity of the bitumen temporarily so it can penetrate pavements more effectively or to allow spraying at temperatures that are too cold for successful sprayed sealing with neat bitumen. The materials used to cutback bitumen will evaporate after application to leave the remaining material similar in hardness to the original bitumen.

Cutback Bitumen is categorized in 3 groups according to their curing time:

Slow Curing Cutbacks (SC)
Medium Curing Cutbacks (MC)
Rapid Curing Cutbacks (RC)

Bitumen Emulsion

Bitumen emulsion consists of three basic ingredients: bitumen, water, and an emulsifying agent. Based on specifications it may contain other additives, such as stabilizers, coating improvers, anti-strips, or break control agents. But as the bitumen is a petroleum product it doesn’t mix with water and as it is sticky in nature, it doesn’t easily get disintegrated into fine droplets. To overcome this problem an emulsifier is used.

Application of Emulsions

Bitumen emulsions are applied on aggregates, water starts to evaporate causing separation of bitumen from water. And then bitumen spreads on the surface of the aggregate and acts as a binding material and slowly attains its strength. Also, they are especially helpful for maintenance and patch repair works. And can be used in wet weather even when it is raining. They are used in soil stabilization, particularly for stabilization of sands in desert areas, for surface dressing and penetration macadam type of construction and overall allows better coating of the bitumen on the surface of aggregate.

Types of Emulsion

Anionic Bitumen Emulsion
Cationic Bitumen Emulsion
Non-ionic Bitumen Emulsion

The term anionic is derived from the migration of particles of bitumen under an electric field. The droplets migrate toward the anode (positive electrode), and hence the emulsion is called anionic. In an anionic emulsion, there are “billions and billions” of bitumen droplets with emulsifying agent at the water bitumen interface.

The term cationic is derived from the migration of particles of bitumen under an electric field also. The droplets migrate toward the cathode (negative electrode), and hence the emulsion is called cationic. The cationic emulsifying agent functions similarly to the anionic; the negative portion of the head floats around in the water leaving a positively charged head.

The main grades for bitumen emulsions are classified as follows:

Rapid Setting Emulsion (RS)
Medium Setting Emulsion (MS)
Slow Setting Emulsion (SS))

Polymer Modified Bitumen

Polymers represent the most important family of bitumen modifiers. The specifications of bitumen under different temperatures change, for example, polymers make bitumen resistant to heating cracks. Modifying the bitumen specifications boosts the quality of the product and increases its longevity. Under these special circumstances, structural destructions happen more quickly than in natural state in asphalt pavement and that would significantly increase road maintenance costs. Variety of Polymers: The most polymers that used for modifying bitumen are SBS, EVA, APP, LDPE, LLDE. HDPE, SBR, SEBS and SIS. SBS is one of the best modifying polymers with both thermoplastic and rubber specifications.

Application of Polymer Modified

Polymer Modified Bitumen are used in making pavement, heavy duty traffic roads and home roofing solutions to withstand extreme weather conditions. PMB is a normal bitumen with the added polymer, which gives it extra strength, high cohesiveness and resistance to fatigue, stripping and deformations, making it a favorable material for infrastructure.

Bitumen packages:

In Bulk via the tank Vessel
In new steel drum with different sizes such as: (150 Kg, 180 Kg & 200 Kg each drum)
In different sizes of poly bag or Bitubag like: (Jumbo Bag 1 ton, Poly Bag 40 Kg, 300 kg & 750 kg each).
In Flexi tank
Carton

Bitumen

Bitumen

Types of Air Blowing Bitumen

Penetration Grade Bitumen

Oxidized Bitumen

Performance Grade Bitumen (PG)

Viscosity Grade Bitumen (VG)

Application of Viscosity grade bitumen:

Cutback Bitumen

Bitumen Emulsion

Application of Emulsions

Types of Emulsion

The main grades for bitumen emulsions are classified as follows:

Polymer Modified Bitumen

Application of Polymer Modified

Bitumen packages:

Bitumen 60/70

Bitumen VG30